Diagnosis:
See your doctor if you have more than 39 degrees. You should also do so if the breast becomes red, swollen and painful or secretes a greenish-yellow liquid, thick or blood tinged. The doctor will examine your chest and perform a routine blood test to check white blood cell count is high, a sign of infection. Depending on circumstances, will remove some of pus or fluid for microscopic examination. If in addition to infection, is another symptom may advise a mammogram and biopsy.

Treatment:
* Avoid the nipple to crack or become inflamed. If you have cracks, protect it well to breastfeed until the injury has healed
* Wash hands thoroughly with soap and water before breastfeeding
* Also wash your breasts with warm water and dry it carefully before and after feeding

Usually not a serious disease, but should not be ignored. Usually is confined to the chest and rarely spreads to other parts of the body, especially if treated early. Some doctors advise women who do not breastfeed for a few days the baby to see if it heals. In this case, you can use an extractor, or their own hands, to get milk and avoid congested chest. If the baby is ingesting some bacteria to milk, it will be eliminated by the gastric juices of the child, without coming to harm.

Causes:
Mastitis occurs as the result of a bacterial infection that invades the milk ducts or other structure of the breast. The bacteria that most commonly causes this problem is Staphylococcus aureus that in through the narrow cracks or fissures that are in or around the nipple. How are you cracks are common in the early weeks of breastfeeding, women who have just had a child are particularly vulnerable to mastitis.

Let’s keep the most common: a healthy woman, with no known health problems, who decide to have a child. Since the moment you stop using a contraceptive method, “should begin to take daily folate to prevent and reduce the risk of neural tube defects in the fetus, primarily spina bifida and anencephaly,” notes Dr. Juan Luis Alcázar , Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital of Navarra. It is very important that folic acid taken before pregnancy, because these malformations usually occur in the first weeks after conception, just as often not even know we are pregnant.

Vaccines Review

This is mandatory, but there are other recommendations that can be very useful. Among them, perform a gynecological examination that will help us rule out certain types of diseases such as uterine fibroids, endometrial polyps, ovarian cysts … In this review, we should explain to our gynecologist who wish to become pregnant, so that we do a medical history which is reflected in our current health status: recent illnesses, treatments that we have followed in recent months, history of vaccines. .. For example, if you had doubts about whether you really are protected against rubella, a disease that causes serious birth defects, “to be checked and, if not you, should you vaccinate and wait several months before getting pregnant.

Change of medication

If in the case of healthy women except these precautions, folic acid, are only recommended, the situation changes completely when it comes to women with any chronic disease known. “In these cases, preconceptional counseling can be of vital importance,” emphasizes Dr. Alcázar. It is essential to assess the risks of pregnancy and that may change if the drug treatment that may be taking. ”

Let’s start with the drugs. Dr Oscar Martinez, head of Gynecology Hospital de Valdemoro (Madrid), explains that “there is a classification of drugs according to the security risk to the fetus, which seen from the former, as folate, which are completely safe even those who are absolutely prohibited during pregnancy, as some anti-cancer. Between the two extremes is the other drugs, most of which no trials in pregnant women contrasted enough, “and the gynecologist will value the risk-benefit . The general principle is the individualization of each case. ”

To do this, every woman in treatment should tell your gynecologist what medication follows. Thus, it can happen that hypertensive women taking angiotensin inhibitors, drugs classified as X, that is contraindicated in pregnant women. “In those cases,” says Dr. Alcázar “, your doctor should be amended to prescribe a treatment and that it is permitted in pregnant women; also be desirable to monitor before becoming pregnant to ensure that this change does not adversely affects the control of his hypertension. ”

Dangerous cases

Another drug X-retinoic acid is commonly used to treat acne, whose use in pregnancy is absolutely forbidden, said Dr. Alcázar, “because it causes birth defects. In addition, it collects in the body for a time, this teratogenic effect remains for several months after completion of therapy, months in which women become pregnant should avoid. Also, in the case of RA is also certain cytotoxic drugs should not be used, at least during the first trimester of pregnancy. ”

Even if the medications that we might be using is not contraindicated during pregnancy, we always consult with your doctor. There are many chronic conditions that require follow-up to a certain treatment, and may well have to adjust the dose, is something that happens frequently in hypothyroidism, and that pregnancy favors lower levels of thyroid hormones.

Vitamin is a dietary intake that is suitable for a pregnant mother and her unborn. And these vitamins are the best foods for you are pregnant. A pregnant woman must have felt all the difference in body and very uncomfortable when doing things. Therefore, I give a good offer for you that are a best prenatal vitamin.

It has proven that some pregnant women choose these vitamins to the consumer. This is because the benefits are very large and very influential both for the health of your womb. Neither the mothers who are pregnant, can also get good food intake with the best prenatal vitamins. I am sure, after you use these vitamins, your pain will be less and less, your body feels light, and certainly you will appetite back. This is because if you do not want to eat, the poor baby in your womb would be malnourished. Hopefully useful.

Do not know the specific causes of preeclampsia, but there are a number of groups of women at increased risk of suffering such as those with obesity, over 35 years, mothers, multiple pregnancies (twins or more) or history of diabetes and hypertension in the family.

The symptoms of preeclampsia are the most common:

* Decreased urine output and a high loss of protein by the same detectable by an analytical.
* Hypertension.
* Frequent headaches.
* Sudden increase of up to 2 kilos in less than a week.
* Edema (fluid retention significantly) on face, hands and feet.
* Abnormal liver function and eyesight.
* Epigastric pain.
* Nausea and vomiting.

The importance of early detection of preeclampsia case lies in the damage that can occur in the mother and infant. Pre-eclampsia affects the amount of blood from the mother reach the placenta, which is the means by which the fetus is nourished both oxygen and food, thus less oxygen and food is not detected early could mean problems in the baby’s development.

For the mother the greater risk lies in the hypertension and the damage that may occur in internal organs such as liver rupture, abruptio placenta, bleeding and in extreme cases of stroke. In more severe cases of pre-eclampsia is eclampsia drift which is when the mother has convulsions.

There is no sure prevention against preeclampsia, but if you follow a set of guidelines will greatly reduce their appearance. A good diet, weight control and blood pressure, quitting alcohol and snuff, etc.

The treatment for preeclampsia is detected once above all the rest, the water intake and reducing salt intake, control of hypertension (in severe cases even with medication from the doctor.) We must bear in mind that a cure for preeclampsia is delivery, which will always be at the expense of the developing baby. The greatest risk for preeclampsia is for mothers who have to wait for the baby becomes more developed, with the consequent risk to the mother’s internal organs.

Women who had had her last child in the last five years were 71 percent less likely to RA than women without children. In contrast, the risk was 24 percent lower in women who had given birth more than 15 years ago.

“The most interesting result was the relationship between the risk of acquiring this disease and the time from birth, particularly how that relationship weakened over time, because it supports our hypothesis that fetal cells, we now know that last decades after birth, would be good for the mother, “said Guthrie.

The team found that 9 percent of the 120 participants who had had a child in the last five years, suffered from Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). So did 14 percent of 345 women who had given birth to between five and 15 years earlier and 17 percent of 805 mothers who were for more than 15 years.

24 percent of the 406 women without children suffering RA. But since the study compared a group of women with RA with a healthy group, those percentages do not reflect women’s risk of RA according to their obstetric history.

Fetal cells and level of protection

The new findings do not prove that having children reduces a woman’s risk of getting AR. But it is possible, “said Guthrie, that fetal cells remain in the mother’s body will provide some level of protection.

These fetal cells are genetically distinct from those of the mother, because half of the genes of the children from the father. And if the cells carry genes that reduce the risk of AR, that could, in theory, change in a woman’s chance of developing the disease.

Rheumatoid arthritis

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) arises when the immune system mistakenly attacks the joints of the knees, causing inflammation, pain and progressive joint damage. It is more common in women than in men, and often appears in the reproductive age.

An estimated 1, 3 million American adults, or 0, 6 percent of the adult population has RA.

Some previous studies, but not all, had indicated that pregnancy reduced the risk of RA.

The cause is unknown, but one theory is that fetal cells pass into the mother during pregnancy, help to lower the risk of generating the disease.

A team of researchers from the Cancer Research Center Fred Hutchinson and the University of Washington in Seattle, analyzed the obstetric records of 310 women newly diagnosed with RA and 1418 women without the condition.

A son and 39% less likely to RA

Those who had given birth at least one child were 39 percent less likely to get RA than those who had never been pregnant, even after considering factors such as age and use of oral contraceptives, which are associated with reduced risk of AR.

But such protection weakened over time, published in Arthritis & Rheumatism team Dr. Katherine A. Guthrie.

These patches and gum help adults showed generally quit. But women and obstetricians have had doubts about its safety and effectiveness in pregnancy.

The team of Dr. Swamy, Medical Center of Duke University in North Carolina, reviewed data on pregnant smokers who had participated in a comparative study of psychological therapy with nicotine patches or gum for smoking cessation.

It’s use tripled the number of women who quit (from 8 to 24 percent).

Almost one third (31 percent) of women treated with the patch or the gum had complications of pregnancy, unlike the 17 percent who did not use these products.

The highest risk of suffering these complications occurred in black women, those who have had problems in previous pregnancies and users of pain relievers. Using the patch, said the team had no direct effect.

According to the results, although the patch is not “absolutely sure” the authors conclude that it would be worthwhile to use in heavy smokers, given the known relationship between smoking and poor prognosis of pregnancy, such as preterm delivery and low birthweight birth.

Clear evidence of this shift is experienced by all pregnant women, who usually notice the morning the unpleasant symptoms of hypoglycemia: nausea, drowsiness, tiredness, weakness, etc..

As pregnancy progresses, metabolic adaptation intensifies, reaching great importance during the last 20 weeks of pregnancy. All these metabolic changes lead to a number of considerations when they occur in a diabetic woman:

• In some patients Diabetes first appears during pregnancy.
• The conventional criteria for diagnosing diabetes are not applicable during pregnancy
• As pregnancy progresses there is an increase in insulin requirements.
• The usual criteria of strict metabolic control are not applicable during pregnancy

Detection of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

The data suggest the possibility of DMG are:

* Family history of diabetes, especially among first-degree relatives.
* Glycosuria (glucose in urine) in a second fasting urine sample (see below).
* A history of:

• Abortions unexplained.
• Infants large for gestational age.
• Malformations in the newborn.

* Significant maternal obesity (90 kg or more).

Some minor data are multiparity, recurrent pregnancy toxemia and premature births repeated. The presence of more than one data increases the probability of having a disorder in glucose metabolism.

Glycosuria (glucose in urine) is a common finding, as 15% of pregnant women have it, so the search for cases based on this information alone is ineffective. The validity of this test may increase when using a second sample Fasting urine issued upon awakening is neglected and collected a second sample 15 minutes later when the patient is still fasting.

Suspected cases of GDM should be seen every 15 days by the endocrinologist, working together he and the obstetrician. It should take the usual prenatal measures. It should place special emphasis on weight control.

At each visit, you must perform a blood glucose after eating. If this test does not exceed 120 mg/dL), evidence of oral glucose tolerance should be deferred until the week 37 th -38 th of gestation, at which time more likely to test positive. If at any visit after eating glucose exceeds 120 mg/dL, should be tested for glucose tolerance without delay.

If the test is negative in early pregnancy does not, however, the diagnosis and the test should be repeated at 37-38 weeks, before making a final decision. Patients who have a negative tolerance test at 37-38 weeks is considered normal. If the test is positive diagnosis can be made of gestational diabetes and is offered to patients on a diet and was controlled in the same way as a diabetic clinic.

If the ideal criteria of glycemic control are not achieved soon, you start taking insulin. In cases well controlled and uncomplicated spontaneous delivery is expected. The existence of an increased need for insulin during pregnancy does not necessarily indicate that diabetes persists after delivery.

Keep in mind that it is more difficult to control weight gain in later stages of pregnancy, so it is imperative not to increase the bulk of the total weight during the first months, however, poor weight gain is a sign negative, particularly if less than 4.5 kg.

No dieting is never recommended during pregnancy, even in very obese patients, it is essential that there be some increase in weight for good fetal development, and the system reduces the supply of nutrients to the fetus.

All the extra weight will be lost, at the latest, during the year following the birth, with a healthy diet and regular activity. Sometimes the simple fluid retention causing weight gain, who will miss a week after giving birth.

DIET

A daily diet of women should be applied and about 250 kcal per day to provide adequate fetal nutrition.

Most of these calories should consist of protein, but the diet must be well balanced, including fruit and vegetables of the season. It also should be taken free of sugar and cereals high in fiber. The salt (especially iodine) can be used in moderation, but avoid excessively salty foods. It should also limit foods with fats and sweets: pastries, chips, sodas, cookies and candy.

Folic acid is a B vitamin found primarily in leafy green vegetables, legumes, asparagus and liver. All pregnant women should consume 0.4 milligrams of folic acid per day, especially in the early weeks. This helps protect the baby in training against certain birth defects of the spine or brain, such as spina bifida.

Do not smoke, drink alcohol or take drugs not prescribed during the entire pregnancy.

SUGGESTIONS OF DIET IN PREGNANCY

• Vitamins: Eat different kinds of foods every day. Since it is difficult to get the recommended amount of folic acid only through food, you may need to receive supplements (multivitamin), as determined by your doctor.
• Sal: Your body needs a certain amount of salt when you are pregnant. The salt (especially iodine) can be used in moderation, but avoid excessively salty foods.
• Meals: Eat three meals every day. If you have heartburn or stomach bothers you, do four to six meals with smaller amounts in the day.
• Appetizers or snacks: Cheese, yoghurt, fruit and vegetables are healthy snacks. Avoid sweets, cakes, or sweetened beverages.
• Water: When you are pregnant your body needs plenty of fluids. Drink six to eight glasses of fluid each day (water, fruit juices, and/or milk).
• Caffeine: Caffeine is found in tea, coffee, soft drinks, and chocolate. Too much caffeine could be dangerous for your baby.

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