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A goiter is an enlargement of the thyroid gland, diffuse or nodular, occurring in about 2-3% of the population. Usually you can maintain normal thyroid function, however, sometimes associated with hormonal overproduction – hyperthyroidism, or a deficiency of hormones, hypothyroidism.

Endemic goitre was prevalent some years ago in the interior due to lack of iodine, which would cause the compensatory increase in the growth of thyroid tissue. Today is rare due to the use of iodized salt. . Simple goiter is a diffuse increase in the thyroid has no clinical significance. When a diffuse goiter is associated with clinical symptoms of overactive thyroid (weight loss, diarrhea, excessive sweating, nervousness, palpitations …) is the Graves’ disease, which can present with ocular involvement and appearance of “eyes bulging. “Nodular goiters may have a single nodule or several, called multinodular goiters. The percentage of people with multinodular goiter increases with age. Most patients have no symptoms and usually is discovered incidentally. Some patients complain of some discomfort in the neck, but sometimes do not know very well defined. Generally, patients are concerned about aesthetics and others by the possibility that it is a cancer. Within the nodule may be bleeding, manifested as the sudden onset of sudden pain in the anterior neck.

For the diagnosis of goiter was used in addition to the clinic, certain techniques. First you have to do tests to determine thyroid hormone levels that indicate the degree of thyroid function. Thyroid ultrasonography is useful to check the size and structure of goiter and to see the evolution, but has little ability to differentiate a benign or malignant nodules. The thyroid scan is based on the ability of the thyroid to capture iodine. According to her, nodules differ in hot and cold, as capture or radioactive iodine. However, although the majority of malignant nodules are cold, too many cold nodules are benign. The fine needle aspiration (FNA) of a node, involves taking a sample for subsequent microscopic examination. As the technique that offers greater reliability for diagnosis of benignity or malignancy, which is done first.

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