Other cancers can also suffer the children is a cancer of bone or primary bone tumor or called osteosarkoma. Namely the occurrence of malignant growth on the surface of bone tissue. Usually occurs paa lower end of the femur, upper arm bone the top, bone dry the top, and others. The growth of this tissue causes pain. Pain during activity, swelling, palpable warmth, and red signs of inflammation.
Bone cancer is usually only found in children before adolescence. Sometimes symptoms of a fracture found no apparent reason. This happens because the tumor is causing weakened bones that break easily even if only doing mild activity. Solutions to overcome them is by surgery. However, to do chemotherapy first to reduce and kill cancer cells that spread.

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The controversy over Procrit and Aranesp, two drugs used to combat anemia associated with chemotherapy and chronic kidney disease, continues to increase, because new research indicates that increase the risk of venous thromboembolism is the formation of potentially fatal blood clots .

Recent studies have linked these drugs, called erythropoietic stimulating agents (ESA), with an increased risk of death, stroke, and new cancers.

Dr. Dawn Hershman, principal investigator of the study noted that “from the beginning, there was concern that these drugs cause some side effects, but initial studies found no risk of thrombosis.” However, a longer-term study, was more informative and confirmed that these agents may increase to twice the risk of thrombosis, he said.

Procrit and Aranesp drugs hit the market in the mid 90s, and it is estimated that by 2002, 50 percent of patients receiving chemotherapy took them.

For the study, Hershman team collected data from more than 56.210 patients with cancer treated with chemotherapy from 1991 to 2002. The researchers found that 14.3 percent of patients who received ESA developed venous thromboembolism (deep vein thrombosis or pulmonary embolism) compared with 9.8 percent of those who did not receive ESA.

Taking into account the problems raised by previous studies, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) of USA. UU. demanded in 2007 placing a black box label for ESAs in order to warn of the risk of venous thromboembolism, tumor growth and death. The warning suggested restricting the use of ESAs in specific tumor types, and addressed issues such as dose, duration and target hemoglobin levels.

For his part, Dr. J. Leonard Lichtenfeld, deputy chief medical officer American Cancer Society, said, “This study is one of a list that suggests the value of the ESA is lower than expected and that its side effects are greater than anticipated.” However advises that “if you are treated with these drugs, take them with caution and full knowledge, discuss with your doctor about the need to use these drugs and the potential complications that might experience.

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DIAGNOSIS

Early detection is therefore essential preventive examinations should be performed as the DRE, rectoscopy, and colonoscopy, especially those who have risk factors (colon polyps, ulcerative colitis) or family history of colon cancer. We also perform a blood test to detect carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), which rises in the blood in this type of cancer.

STAGE EXTENSION

Staging is a classification that is performed after the appropriate studies that can define the extent of cancer (cancer cells) through the lining of the colon and neighboring areas or remote.

• Stage O or (cancer-in- situ). Cancer cells only in superficial tissues of the colon.
• Stage I. Cancer cells outside the innermost layer of the colon to the second and third layers and complicates the inside wall of the colon, but not the outer wall of the colon (colon cancer Dukes A).
• Stage II. Cancer cells have spread outside the colon to nearby tissue, but not to the lymph nodes. (colon cancer Dukes B).
• Stage III. Cancer cells have spread outside the colon and nearby lymph nodes but not to other organs (Dukes C).
• Stage IV. Cancer cells have spread outside the colon and other body organs (Dukes D).
• Appellant. When re-appear once treated cells may occur in the colon or elsewhere in the body (liver, lungs)

TREATMENT

For the treatment of colon cancer three kinds of treatments, surgery, radiotherapy and chemotherapy

1. Surgery is used in all stages of colon cancer spread and can be used:

• In very early cancers, can be done through the colonoscope to cut the affected area, usually a polyp (polypectomy).
• If the cancer is larger, which removes the cancer and some surrounding healthy tissue, then connect the resulting ends, and cleaned ganglia area
• If the union is performing a difficult opening to the outside of the colon, which is called a colostomy. This may be transient and to improve the box resealed. If the colostomy is permanent will require a special bag to collect feces.

2. Radiation therapy for colon cancer may be internal or external, is used alone or with surgery and / or chemotherapy.

3. Chemotherapy is done through a tube into the vein left in place while a small pump provides continuous treatment for a period of weeks or periodic injections were performed in the cannula installed. It is usually given after surgery operation.

In the colon cancer treatment can be applied biological or synthesized from natural products to stimulate or restore the immune system.

The stepwise treatment of colon cancer depend on the extent of disease and overall health of the person concerned.

COLON CANCER – STAGE O

1. Simple colonoscopic polypectomy to remove all the cancer.

2. Bowel Resection

COLON CANCER – PHASE I

1. Surgery with bowel resection to remove the cancer

COLON CANCER – STAGE II

1. Bowel resection surgery to remove the cancer

2. Clinical trials of chemotherapy, radiotherapy or biological therapy after surgery.

3. If the tumor has spread is added to chemotherapy and / or radiotherapy after surgery

COLON CANCER – STAGE III

1. Surgery with bowel resection to remove the cancer, followed by chemotherapy.

2. Clinical trials of chemotherapy, radiotherapy or biological therapy after surgery.

COLON CANCER – STAGE IV

1. Bowel resection surgery to remove the cancer or to improve or maintain function of the colon

2. Invasive Surgery cleaning other affected organs

3. Radiation therapy to relieve pain.

4. Chemotherapy.

5. Clinical studies chemotherapy or biological therapy.

COLON CANCER – RECURRENT

1. Surgery invasive cleaning of the affected organs

2. Radiation therapy to relieve pain.

3. Chemotherapy.

4. Clinical studies with chemotherapy or biological therapy.

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