Diarrhea in conjunction with constipation, not a disease, is a symptom of a disorder whose severity depends on the cause that originated it.

Diarrhea is characterized by the frequent evacuation of watery stools, without forming, causing a excasa absorption of nutrients, electrolytes and fluids. You can go or not accompanied by pain, weakness, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, fever or loss of appetite.

It may be acute or chronic. The first of sudden onset, usually lasts a day or two. The second usually takes longer, often a symptom of more serious disease. The disorder may stem from the diet, infections, medications, chronic diseases, emotional stress, etc. ….

General Care:
- Replace fluids urgently eliminated in the feces, based on wines, soft drinks, tea, etc … Gradually incorporate easily digested meals, small, frequent up to return to normal diet.
- If diarrhea is moderate, water and salts lost can be replaced, alternating sips throughout the day of the following beverages:
- 1 glass of orange or apple with half a teaspoon of honey and a pinch of salt and one cup of boiled water and a quarter teaspoon of baking soda.

To prevent it:
- Wash hands thoroughly before cooking or eating food.
- Pour a few drops of bleach on the plants we eat raw (tomatoes, lettuce)
- Ensure that the water we drink is clean, not drinking if in doubt.
- Wash the egg shells before opening.
- If we travel and water is not drinkable, not brush our teeth with ellla.
- Wash hands thoroughly after going.
- Boil or sterilize bottles, pacifiers, children under 1 year.

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As noted study leader Dr. Stefan Hagmann, Bronx New York Hospital-Lebanon (United States), one of the main issues is that children tend to travel less prepared than their elders. It is worth mentioning that this work was based on nearly 1,600 children from 19 countries who had traveled to 218 different destinations.

Other outstanding features is that small family often require medical care to return before the adults, and are usually admitted because of their condition or undergoing treatment for longer.

The map of traveler’s diseases in children is then as follows: 28 percent of children’s issues the return match with diarrhea, 25 percent, to skin problems, 23 percent to fevers, and a 11 percent to respiratory disorders, ie, that these four disorders for 86 percent of the total.

By region, skin rashes and other skin conditions occur more in cases of children returning from holidays in Latin America, such gastrointestinal problems have been observed mostly after mobilizations to the Middle East and North Africa, while regions Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa tend to cause more fevers in children who visit them.

Of fever, malaria was the most common, with 35 percent of diagnoses. Behind her, viral syndromes were located -28 percent-and animal bites (also trigger episodes of high temperature in children).

Finally, another fact that came off of the American labor is that only 2 percent of diseases in children after international travel due to preventable disease through some kind of vaccine.

Hagmann concluded that, however, should exercise extreme care when traveling with children, and not to skip the appropriate prophylaxis when going to risk areas (the vaccine against malaria, by case). She also recalled the impotancia of children placed in sunscreens and avoid coming into contact with disease-carrying animals.

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Staphylococcal

Episode of acute vomiting, stomach cramps and diarrhea caused by eating food contaminated with staphylococcal enterotoxin.It occurs in outbreaks, when people with skin infections (fornculos, etc..) food handlers and contaminated, and after they are exposed to room temperature.

Typical mediums include foods such as custards, cream pies, milk, processed meat and fish.

The incubation period (without symptoms) is 2 to 8 hours after ingestion of food containing enterotoxin. The disorder is brief, with recovery in 3-6 hours. In very young children, elderly or chronically ill may be more severe disorders of fluid and salt balance. The intravenous fluid replacement produces dramatic improvement.

Clostridium perfringens

Episode of acute vomiting and diarrhea caused by eating food contaminated by the germ Clostridium perfringens enterotoxin.

The tainted meat has caused many outbreaks. The condition is usually mild.

Treatment includes fluid replacement and, in severe cases, penicillin.

Traveler’s diarrhea

This term usually refers to sporadic cases of infectious gastroenteritis, which affects travelers and tourists.

The most common cause is the development-far from home, in contact with other water and food-for an aggressive strain of the bacterium Escherichia coli, which is normally in the intestine. Also be due to intestinal virus (eg, the so-called Norwalk agent). The picture is of nausea and vomiting, stomach cramps and diarrhea. The disorder is brief and mild.

Treatment includes replacement of fluids and salts, antibiotics are not advised. The surest prevention of traveler’s diarrhea is to have precaution with food and drink, tending, wherever they go, to a diet of canned food and well cooked.

Salmonellosis

There are 2200 serotypes of this bacterium. Most strains produce food-borne gastroenteritis.

Are common sources of Salmonella in eggs and products derived therefrom, milk and uncooked poultry.

Symptoms appear 12-48 hours after ingestion with nausea, cramps and watery diarrhea. Usually the disorder is mild and persists for 1 to 4 days.

Treatment includes replacement of fluids and salts are not recommended antibiotics, which prolong the excretion of the microbe. Typhoid fever is a type of salmonella much more serious, with different prognosis and treatment to common Salmonella gastroenteritis.

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CONTINUOUS POWER

Continuous feeding is not to interrupt the normal diet, eat more often to compensate for loss of appetite, add one or two teaspoons of vegetable oil to food to provide energy, not introducing new foods as long as diarrhea, only to avoid very concentrated or highly spiced and sweetened. Keeping food during diarrhea, accelerates the normalization of bowel function, including digestion and absorption of food. It also favors the hydration of the patient to provide water carriers for intestinal absorption and offset the loss by diarrhea.

DRINK ABUNDANT

To avoid dehydration are effective food-based fluids, such as rice, carrot soup, lentil or potato, the defatted broth or bouillon, fresh fruit juice, green coconut water, tea and soft all of them in common use in the home. Even plain water, supplemented foods may be useful while getting other fluids.

The most effective liquid is the “Oral Serum or sports drinks with ions, which serves both to prevent and to treat dehydration. It provides patient-half to one cup, or anything that accepts after each diarrhea stool, sipping a teaspoon or so they do not vomit, if vomiting occurs, you will be slower until it stops throwing up. There are trade-flavored oral whey concentrate in sachets to be diluted in a liter of water.

The diet should be to remove “absolutely” dairy (milk, cheese, yogurt) for 15 days.

TIMELY REFER TO PHYSICIAN

The consultation is timely medical attention is sought as soon as you see any sign of danger, as many liquid stools, very little fluid and food intake, frequent vomiting, persistent high fever or blood in stool.

Oral serum treatment for diarrhea not but help reduce vomiting and keep the patient hydrated, thereby enhancing their appetite and overall, the cure diarrhea 3 to 5 days.

If it persists should make a study of blood and stool cultures to rule out other processes. They should never be given drugs to “stop” to remove diarrhea or vomiting, as none is useful and some are dangerous because they cause intestinal paralysis or numbness of the patient can even be lethal, especially in young children.

Only in some cases of bloody diarrhea or other complications when they occur, may be indicated in antibiotic use, but only under prescription.

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