It may be the case that the body does not produce enough insulin, which is when the diabetes is type 1, or can not use it produces, that is when there is type 2 diabetes.

Type 1 diabetes, which is also known as insulin dependent diabetes, immune or juvenile home, is the result of an autoimmune reaction, in which the body’s defense system attacks insulin-producing cells. People with this type of diabetes produce very little or no insulin injections they need every day and thus control the blood glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes can affect people of any age but usually occurs mainly in children or young adults.

Type 2 diabetes, known as noninsulin dependent or adult, is more common in people over 45 years are overweight. However, following the rise of obesity among young people, is lowering the age of those affected. These patients often need insulin injections because they can control the glucose in your body by paying attention to your diet, exercising and taking oral medication.

This type of diabetes is most prevalent, accounting for 90-95 percent of all cases of this disease, and if not properly diagnosed and treated can develop serious complications that can generate even premature death. Not surprisingly, each year 3.8 million people die worldwide of causes related to this disease, ranking it as the fourth leading cause of death.

Besides these two types of diabetes, gestational diabetes exists that some women develop, usually on a temporary basis during pregnancy. This type of diabetes occurs between 2 and 5% of all pregnancies and in these cases there is an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes over time.

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Clear evidence of this shift is experienced by all pregnant women, who usually notice the morning the unpleasant symptoms of hypoglycemia: nausea, drowsiness, tiredness, weakness, etc..

As pregnancy progresses, metabolic adaptation intensifies, reaching great importance during the last 20 weeks of pregnancy. All these metabolic changes lead to a number of considerations when they occur in a diabetic woman:

• In some patients Diabetes first appears during pregnancy.
• The conventional criteria for diagnosing diabetes are not applicable during pregnancy
• As pregnancy progresses there is an increase in insulin requirements.
• The usual criteria of strict metabolic control are not applicable during pregnancy

Detection of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)

The data suggest the possibility of DMG are:

* Family history of diabetes, especially among first-degree relatives.
* Glycosuria (glucose in urine) in a second fasting urine sample (see below).
* A history of:

• Abortions unexplained.
• Infants large for gestational age.
• Malformations in the newborn.

* Significant maternal obesity (90 kg or more).

Some minor data are multiparity, recurrent pregnancy toxemia and premature births repeated. The presence of more than one data increases the probability of having a disorder in glucose metabolism.

Glycosuria (glucose in urine) is a common finding, as 15% of pregnant women have it, so the search for cases based on this information alone is ineffective. The validity of this test may increase when using a second sample Fasting urine issued upon awakening is neglected and collected a second sample 15 minutes later when the patient is still fasting.

Suspected cases of GDM should be seen every 15 days by the endocrinologist, working together he and the obstetrician. It should take the usual prenatal measures. It should place special emphasis on weight control.

At each visit, you must perform a blood glucose after eating. If this test does not exceed 120 mg/dL), evidence of oral glucose tolerance should be deferred until the week 37 th -38 th of gestation, at which time more likely to test positive. If at any visit after eating glucose exceeds 120 mg/dL, should be tested for glucose tolerance without delay.

If the test is negative in early pregnancy does not, however, the diagnosis and the test should be repeated at 37-38 weeks, before making a final decision. Patients who have a negative tolerance test at 37-38 weeks is considered normal. If the test is positive diagnosis can be made of gestational diabetes and is offered to patients on a diet and was controlled in the same way as a diabetic clinic.

If the ideal criteria of glycemic control are not achieved soon, you start taking insulin. In cases well controlled and uncomplicated spontaneous delivery is expected. The existence of an increased need for insulin during pregnancy does not necessarily indicate that diabetes persists after delivery.

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